Creased sheet for knowledge tests



c. LORBER 2,305,972

CREASED SHEET FOR KNOWLEDGE TEST l Filed Feb. 24, 1942 '2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IDLOlOOLQlDIDlOLDO Dec. 22,1942.

C. LORBER CEEASED SHEET FOR KNOWLEDGE TEST Dec. 22, 19.142.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 24, 1942 Patented Dec. 22, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CREASED SHEET FOR KNOWLEDGE TESTS Charles Lorber, Louisville, Ky.

Application February 24, 1942, Serial No. 432,124

2 Claims.

This invention relates to educational appara-I tus and has special reference to a creased sheet tality possessed by those being examined. As

now practiced by the Government a sheet is used containing a number of tests each consisting of a partial sentence followed by a number of words only one of which will complete the sentence and express a truth. For instance, one such test may read thus:

A herd is a number of (birds) (geese) (tents) (houses) (beasts) The person taking the test underscores or otherwise marks the word which he believes correctly completes the sentence. A'Ihe examiner credits the person with all sentences in which the correct words have been selected and calcu-l lates the percentage relation of the correct answers when compared with the total number of tests' given the individual. By the time the individual has completed his examination and nished marking up the `sheet it has been rendered unsightly by all the pencil or ink markings. It then becomes diicult for the examiner to check the answers and valuable time is lost.

In other tests a group of pictures are used and the person being examined has to write out what each of the pictures represents. The number of correct answers is compared with the number of pictures described and the percentage of correctness determined. This is also a laborious and time wasting method.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a very simple and efcient means for taking and recording intelligence tests, the means enabling the tests to be rapidly completed and the necessary calculations to be readily and rapidly performed.

A second important object of the invention is to provide a novel means for such tests wherein the answers are given by the person inserting numbers into blank squares provided on a specially arranged test sheet.

A third important object of the invention is tov provide a novel creased sheet having correct answer indicia on one side of the crease and blanks on the other side of the sheet for entry ofanswer indicia by the person being examined, the sheet being folded on the crease to hide the answer indicia during the taking of the test.

AA fourth important object of the invention is to provide a pad consisting of a series of folded test sheets of this kind so assembled that the portion of each sheet containing the spaces for answer indicia is all that is exposed by removal of upper sheets of the pad.

With the above and other objects in view the invention consists of certain novel details of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and particularly claimed.

In the accompanying drawings like characters of reference indicate like parts in the several views, and:

Figure 1 is a face view of a sheet constructed in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a top edge view of the sheet shown opened out in full lines and with one half folded back in dotted lines.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of a pad constructed in accordance with this invention.

Figure 4 is a face view of a sheet constructed in accordance with this invention as used for taking word tests and other like tests.

Figure 5 is a broken end View showing a pad of test sheets arranged to disclose one modification of the invention.

Figure 6 is a broken face view of the sheet arrangement shown in Figure 5.

Figure 'l is an enlarged detail section showing the flap arrangement used in Figures 5 and 6.

vFigure 8 is a view similar to Figure 5 but showing a second modification of the sheet arrangement.

Figure 9 is an enlarged broken edge View of one of the sheets of Figure 8.

In the construction of the invention as here disclosed there is provided a sheet I of paper, cardboard or other suitable material. This sheet is of rectangular form and is provided with a crease or fold line Il extending from the top to the bottom edge and dividing the sheet into a test portion l2 and an answer and totalizing portion I3. On the portion I2 adjacent the crease Il is a column of blanks lli and at the left of the column I4 is a column l5 containing a series of names. At the left of the column l5 are pictures of objects whose names appear in column l5. While the invention is not restricted to any particular character of objects there has been here shown a group of ten figures I6 representing characters from books and there is also shown below these characters an airplane Il. Each of the characters I6 has associated therewith a numeral I8. Similarly, the airplane I'I has ten of its parts indicated by numerals I9. The names of the characters I 6 and the parts of the airplane I'I are printed in the spaces of the column I5. While there are ten characters and ten airplane parts numbered in the examples shown it is not my intent to confine the invention to any particular number of objects or parts to be used in a test. It has been found, however, that twenty named things affords convenience in calculating the percentage of correct answers in a test since each answer will have a value of on a scale of 100 and thus the number of correct answers multiplied by ve will give the percentage of correctness. Many changes may be made from the illustrative matter here shown. For instance, an army test sheet may have a series of representations of an ofiicer giving the various hand signals used to direct troops.

On the portion I3 next the crease II is a column 20 of spaces wherein are numerals 2l corresponding to the numerals I8 and I9 and so positioned that the numeral 2i opposite the name in column I5 will correspond to the numeral I8 or I9 of the character or part bearing that name. Thus the character with which the numeral I of the character numerals I8 is associated represents Robin Hood and accordingly the numeral I appears in column 2B opposite the name Robin Hood in column I5. At the right side of the column 20 is a column 22 of spaces arranged opposite the spaces in column 20 and each bearing a figure equalling the percentage value of the individual test. In the present showing in which there are twenty individual tests each space in column 22 bears the numeral 5. On the portion I3 is a group of gures 23 duplicating the gures I6 and having the names 24 of these gures associated therewith. Similarly the representation of the airplane is duplicated at 25 and the parts are named by names 25. At the bottom of column 22 is a line 21 on which to enter the total credits as shown in that column and on the bottom of the portion I2 is a line 28 on which the person being tested writes his signature.

In using this test sheet the portion I3 is so folded on the crease line I I as to hide the part I3 beneath the part I2 and the folded sheet is placed before the person being examined. In case the sheets are padded up as in Figure 3 the portion I 2 of the top sheet will be all that is visible. The person examined then writes in the spaces of column I4 opposite each name in column I5 the number which he believes is that of the iigure or part named. He then signs the sheet and returns it to the examiner. The latter now opens the sheet and compares the numbers written in column I with those printed in column 20 and either checks the spaces in column 22 where discrepancies occur or checks those spaces in column 22 where the opposed written and printed numbers agree. In the first case he adds up the unchecked numbers and in the second case the checked numbers and writes the total on line 21. This gives the percentage rating for the full test. Obviously the representations 23 and 25 with their printed names or descriptions may be used to facilitate this work if desired. Also, these representations 23 and 25 may be used in teaching the names of persons or things by rst displaying the portion I3 to a student to enable the latter to familiarize himself with the information shown and named on portion I3, the testing described above being given the pupil at some later time.

The portion I3 may be shortened by the omission of that part containing the representations 23 and 26.

It will be observed that the examination of sheets of this character may be made by any one able to compare the written numbers of column I4 with the printed numbers of column 20. Thus a student can determine the correctness or inaccuracy of the series of tests even though such student may have otherwise insufficient knowledge. For example, a person having no knowledge of airplane nomenclature can check the work done in regard to the representation I'I as well as an expert in airplane construction.

In padding the sheets of this form a sufficient number to form the pad are folded with the portion I3 below the portion I2 and piled one on the other. An adhesive layer 29 is then applied to their edges.

This layer may be originally a gummed strip or may be simply a coating of glue or the like. Also this layer may be used on one edge ofthe pad or may cover two, three or four of the pad edges. When using the padded sheets it will be clear that only the portion I2 of the top sheet will be exposed for writing numbers in columns I4. By thus padding the sheets a person may be given a test covering a wide range of subjects since each of the padded sheets may cover a subject or subjects different from that shown on the other sheets. Obviously, both sides of a sheet may be used and the printing on one side may diiTer from that on the other.

In the form of the invention shown in Figure 4 the sheet is shown as a word and simple arithmetic test sheet 33 having a number of incomplete sentences 3I at the left of the sheet. Each of these sentences is followed by several parenthetical expressions 32, each including a Word followed by a number. Each of these words will complete the particular sentence with which it is associated but only one of each group will express a true relation when so added to the sentence. Practice sentences or examples are shown at 33.

Below these sentences 3I is a set of lines 34 each giving an arithmetical problem. The sentences 3I and the lines 34 are numbered for reference as at 35. Toward the right of the sheet is a column of spaces 36 alined with the sentences 3l and lines 34 and like them provided with reference numbers 31. At the top of this column are printed numbers 38 corresponding to the numbers accompanying the correct words to be used in completing the sentences 33 used as examples and above this are printed instructions to the person taking the test to put the numbers of the words, or numbers in the arithmetic tests, selected by him as properly completing the sentences and answering the problems in arithmetic. Next the spaces 36 is a column 38 of correct answer numbers and next these is a column of percentage numbers 39 giving the percentage value of the several answers given. As here shown there are twenty answers to be given so that each percentage number has a value of ve. However, the test may require other numbers of answers than twenty and the percentage values will vary in accordance with the numbers of answers to be given. For instance, for ten answers each percentage value will be ten, for twenty-five answers each percentage value will be four and so on.

A space 4I) is left at the right edge of the sheet for instructions for the teacher or other person conducting the test and at the bottom of the sheet is a space for such other tests (as for eX- ample a writing test) as may be desired. In this form the column 38 is defined from the spaces 36 by a crease or fold line or perforated line 30 so that the part of the sheet containing columns 38 and 39 may be folded under or removed when giving the test thus preventing the person taking such test from seeing the correct answer numbers.

Other arrangements for concealing the column 38 during taking of the test are illustrated in Figures 5 to 9. In these figures the part of the sheet at the right of the spaces 33 is doubled over so that the right edge portion covers the column 38. This doubled portion 42 is shown in Figures 5 to 7 as secured by staples 43 and in Figures 8 and 9 by adhesive 44 or suitable character.

In operation the sheet is arranged so that the person taking the test sees only the part of the sheet to the left of line 30. He then writes in the spaces the numbers of the words he believes properly complete the sentences and the numbers properly answering the problems in arithmetic. The sheet is nowv taken by the teacher and manipulated to bring columns 38 and 39 alongside the spaces 36 so that the numbers written in the spaces 36 may be compared with those printed in column 38. Where the number in a space 36 is unlike that opposite the space in column 38, the teacher draws a line through the corresponding number in column 39. The remaining numbers in column 39 are then added and the sum will give the percentage of correct answers.

What is claimed is:

1. A mentality testing device comprising, a paper sheet having a fold line extending vfrom top to bottom of the sheet and dividing the sheet into two parts, said sheet having vertical lines parallel to said fold lines, the Vertical lines being four in number with two on each side of the fold line, said sheet having parallel horizontal lines extending between the horizontal lines most remote from the fold line and intersecting the fold line and the remaining Vertical lines, said vertical and horizontal lines being arranged to provide four columns of spaces, the two parts of said sheet carrying identical pictorial representations each consisting of a number of elements, the elements of the pictorial representation on one sheet part having numerals printed adjacent to said elements and the pictorial representation on the other sheet part having the names of the several elements printed adjacent to said elements, the first of said columns of spaces having said names printed in the respective spaces, the spaces of the second column being blank, the spaces of the third column having numbers printed thereon corresponding to the numbers adjacent the numbered pictorial elements, the names in the rst column and the numbers in the' third column in alignment with said names indicating like elements of the pictorial representation, said sheet being folded on said fold line with the part carrying the named elements of the pictorial representation under the other part whereby said named elements are concealed from View during the mentality test.

2. A mentality testing device comprising a paper sheet having a fold line extendingv from top to bottom of the sheet and dividing the sheet into two parts, said sheet having vertical lines parallel to said fold lines, the vertical lines being four in number with two on each side of the fold line, said sheet having parallel horizontal lines extending between the horizontal lines most remote from the fold line and intersecting the fold line and the remaining vertical lines, said vertical and horizontal lines being arranged to provide four columns of spaces, the two parts of said sheet carrying identical pictorial representations each consisting of a number of elements, the elements of the pictorial representation on one sheet part having numerals printed adjacent to said elements and the pictorial representation on the other sheet part having the names of the several elements printed adjacent to said elements, the first ,of said columns of spaces having said names printed in the respective spaces, the spaces of the second column being blank, the spaces of the third column having numbers printed thereon corresponding to the numbers adjacent the numbered pictorial elements, the names in the first column and the numbers in the third column in alignment with said names indicating like elements of the pictorial representation, the spaces in the fourth column having value numbers printed therein, the numbers in the fourth column when added totalling 100, said sheet being folded on said fold line with the part carrying the named elements of the pictorial representation under the other part whereby said named elements are concealed from view during the mentality test.

CHARLES LO-RBER. 

